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Mary Dawson Cain (August 17, 1904 – May 6, 1984) was an American newspaper editor, political activist, and candidate in Mississippi. A Democrat, she advocated for conservative causes and is particularly remembered for her campaigns against the Social Security tax. She ran for Governor of Mississippi in 1951 and 1955, the first woman to do so. ==Life== Cain was born in Burke, Louisiana, the daughter of Charles Goodrich Dawson and Tulula Bryant (Dela Garza) Dawson.〔Durward Howes – American Women – Volumes 1–3 1935, p. 140 "CAIN, Mary Dawson (Mrs. John Lambdin Cain), newspaper editor, pub. ; b. Burke, La., Aug. 17, 1904 : d. Charles Goodrich and Tulula Bryant (Dela Garza) Dawson ; m. John Lambdin Cain, Sept. 20, 1924.〕 She was educated in public and high schools in Louisiana and Mississippi, and graduated from Hillman College. She married mechanic and business owner John Lambdin Cain in 1924.〔(John Lambdin Cain (1899–1984) – Find A Grave Memorial ) "Birth: Jan. 3, 1899. Death: Jan. 7, 1984. Burial: Woodlawn Cemetery Summit Pike County Mississippi, USA Plot: Section 1, Lot 11. "〕 She was featured in a NBC documentary about race relations in Mississippi entitled 'Mississippi: A Self-Portrait' during which she passionately asserted she wouldn't be anything but "white".〔https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qkRjPMovv0Y〕 Cain owned and edited ''The Summit Sun'', a weekly newspaper in Pike County, Mississippi, contributing "Mary Cain's Column".〔Elizabeth V. Burt Women's Press Organizations: 1881–1999, 2000, p. 310 "43. Mary Cain, "Mary Cain's Column," Summit (Mississippi) Sun, 30 July 1964, p. 1. 44. Mary Cain, Ibid., 11 June 1964, p. 1. 45. Ibid. 46. Mary Cain, "Mary Cain's Column," Summit Sun, 25 June 1964, p. 1. 47."〕 Cain used her paper to promote segregation and conservative causes, and was particularly critical of the federal government, especially the Social Security tax.〔Wilkie, Curtis (2002). (''Dixie: A Personal Osyssey Through Historic Events That Shaped the Modern South'' ), pp. 55–56, 61. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0743226046. Retrieved May 28, 2014.〕〔Charles W Eagles ''The Price of Defiance: James Meredith and the Integration of Ole Miss'' 2009 Page 189 "From southern Mississippi, Mary D. Cain's editorial, 'Something Rotten at Ole Miss,' claimed that 'there is no middle ground here: One is either for segregation or for integration.' Suspecting Murphy and Farley really favored integration, she suggested both should be 'summarily fired'."〕 Cain became the first woman ever to run for Governor of Mississippi in 1951, when she led an unsuccessful but memorable campaign as a Democrat.〔Curtis Wilkie ''Dixie: A Personal Osyssey Through Historic Events That Shaped the ...'' 2002 -p61 "More than governmental experience, the most important prerequisite for holding high office in Mississippi appeared to be a gift for public speaking. The male candidates excelled in the art, but Mary Cain was the most memorable of the bunch."〕 She ran again in 1955. Cain came to national attention in 1952 when she refused to pay $42.87 in Social Security taxes, calling the program "unconstitutional, immoral and un-American".〔〔The American Mercury – Volume 81, p. 148, 1955 "But she has not been sent to jail, although she has paid no Social Security tax for 1952, 1953, and 1954. So far, the government has not done Mary Cain the favor of making a martyr out of her. Mary Cain is not the jailbird type. Far from it."〕 She attempted to dodge the Internal Revenue Service by selling ''The Summit Sun'' to her niece for a nominal sum of $1 and closing her bank accounts. Later that year the IRS seized the paper and padlocked the door; Cain responded by cutting the chains with a hacksaw and sending them back to the agency, earning herself the nickname "Hacksaw Mary".〔Wilkie, Curtis (2002). (''Dixie: A Personal Osyssey Through Historic Events That Shaped the Modern South'' ), pp. 62. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0743226046. Retrieved May 28, 2014.〕 Her tax battle went to the Supreme Court; Cain lost, but the government subsequently dropped the suit.〔 Cain died on May 6, 1984 at the age of 79 in McComb, Mississippi.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mary Cain (editor)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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